Mono- And Bi-Component Formulations In The Form Of A Paint, Varnish And Water-Emulsified Base, Processes For Preparing The Same And Applications Thereof

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to formulations with anti-graffiti-scrawling, self-cleaning, anti-incrustation and/or nonstick properties. The formulations are made from synthetic and natural polymers and in a system that may be either mono- or bi-component. In addition, the invention also relates to the application of said formulations to objects, monuments, constructions and means of transport, imparting protection thereto. Further, the present invention relates to processes for preparing said formulations. The formulations of the present invention can be made commercially available in the form of: pain, varnish or water-emulsified base and can be applied to:—means of transport like trains, subways, vehicles in general (such as motor-cycles, cars, buses, bicycles, etc.), plains, crafts and/or water-borne means of transport selected—but not limited to, boats, ships, catamarans, bulk carriers ferry boats, cargo ships, floats, dredges, barges, tankers, rafts, sea platform suppliers, motor-boats, towboats, pushing boats, container carriers, derrick boats/cranes, submarines, etc.;—constructions like frontages, walls, stations, buildings, shopping centers, school buildings, hospitals, monuments and historic heritage, chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories, chemical, petrochemical and mining industries, commercial and industrial kitchens and places where there is a need for asepsis and protection against graffiti, weather action and chemical aggression;—objects like refrigerating chamber, containers, public toilets, industrial floors, household utensils, metallic and wooden furniture, public telephone booths, among others.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to formulations with anti-graffiti-scrawling, self-cleaning, anti-incrustation and/or nonstick properties. The formulations are made from synthetic and natural polymers and in a system that may be either mono- or bi-component. Commercially, these formulations can be presented in the form of paint, varnish or water-emulsified base.

In addition, the invention also relates to the application of said formulations to objects, monuments, constructions and means of transport, imparting protection thereto.

Further, the present invention relates to processes for preparing said formulations.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Graffiti-scrawling has proved to be a serious problem for preservation of public historic buildings, as well as for residential and commercial buildings. This yet-unsolved problem indiscriminately affects the architecture in cities with scrawling that deprive them from beauty, stains, depreciates and damages walls, historic heritage, transport systems, viaducts and other constructions. However, more than merely an esthetic problem, graffiti-scrawling damages the real estate affected, causing financial damages to the Government and/or owners thereof, who have to spend capital for maintenance and restoration of the objects and places damaged by such scrawling.

So far, the market did not make available any formulation that could be resistant to graffiti-scrawling. Once an object had been graffiti-stained, it would not be easy to remove such scrawling, unless one used solvents, sand jets and/or other highly abrasive processes, and it would further be necessary to paint the affected object again.

With regard to the formulations available on the market, there are those intended for imparting protection against graffiti-scrawling on surfaces. However, they are merely palliatives as far as the preservation of the objects is concerned, since the removal of such applied paints is difficult, laborious and expensive, because the cleaning requires the use of chemical products, such as organic solvents and chemical surfactants, which not only attack the environment, but also affect the human health. Besides, with the successive cleanings of the object, the coating film that imparts the desired protection loses its efficacy.

There are still provisional coatings, which do not need solvents for cleaning, only hot water or steam being used for this purpose. However, such coating is removed with the graffiti-paint, for which reason a new application thereof becomes necessary, which generates labor costs for reapplication of such coating, as well as damage to the environment, since harmful raw materials are employed. In addition to all the foregoing, the use thereof is limited, that is, it can only be applied to porous surfaces like stones or apparent concrete.

Further with regard to the anti-incrustation property, it is pointed out that the materials that are commercially available and that exhibit such activity contain heavy metals and/or other toxic substances that bring risks for the marine ecosystem, as well as to the user himself, depending on the case.

Document WO 1991/003522 discloses a cleaning formulation that removes graffiti-scrawling, paints and other coatings, if any, from surfaces. This formulation comprises N-methylpyrrolidone; propylene carbonate; hydroxyl propyl cellulose thixotropic thickening agent; an ingredient selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether and isocetyl alcohol; and a surfactant.

Document PI 9202375-4 discloses a method for protecting surfaces against graffiti-scrawling and cleaning the previously protected surfaces, the method including previous protection of a surface or frontage whatever against graffiti-scrawling by applying enamel or varnish of bi-component aliphatic polyurethane, by application of a mixture of aromatic solvents, such as acetone, thinner and others, with alkaline products such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, detergents and soaps.

Document WO 98/21282 discloses a paint composition that includes from about 1 to about 41% by volume of a silicone caulking, from about 1 to about 41% by volume of mineral spirits and from about 18 to about 98% by volume of a paint. The paint composition provides good repellency against graffiti and is not sacrificial in nature.

Document WO 02/16521 discloses a paint containing specific enzymes that remain inactive when applied to a surface coating of the paint formulation until specifically activated through an applying solution, applied subsequently to facilitate the removal of the surface coating. When the solution is applied to the surface coating, the enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the binder in the paint or surface coating, for example, by cleaving the ester bonds at positions 1 and 3 of the triglyceride molecules. This enables removal of the coating without damaging or affecting the underlying surface.

Document EP 1529801 discloses a multilayer film (A) comprising a surface layer (L1) and underlying layer (s) (L2), all of them formed from organic polymer (s) and free complexing/chelating agents and mineral fillers, (L1) containing agent (s) (I) to provide removal of the layer by means of a rinsing liquid (B). It also discloses methods of preparing (A), which involves: (1) applying an aqueous emulsion of the polymer to the surface to form a film through coalescence (specifically at room temperature or at the temperature of the use surface), optionally with drying and impregnation with (I); or (2) adding (I) to at least one of two or more separation portions of the polymer emulsion and successive applications of the portions to the surface.

Unlike what is disclosed in the prior art, one of the differentiating aspects of the presently claimed anti-graffiti, self-cleaning and/or non-sticking formulations, as compared with the formulations known from the prior art, is the non-use of a solvent for removing the graffiti-scrawl applied to the object that has been stained therewith.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to formulations that provide anti-graffiti, anti-incrustation, self-cleaning and/or nonstick protection, which can be applied to different and varied types of surfaces like: metal, wood, plastic, non-metals, concretes, masonry, stones and to cementitious, ceramic and chemical coatings like textures and synthetic paints. The surfaces that have the formulation of the present invention applied thereto enable one to remove the graffiti, for instance, with water and soap. The benefits of this formulation lie in the ecologically correct cleaning, since it does not make use of solvents, heavy metals and/or other toxic substance, nor does it employ chemical surfactants and alkaline products; in the longer durability of the film applied to the surface; in the more rapid and efficient cleaning; and in the non-aggression to the surface of the object.

In addition, one has found that the properties imparted by the formulations of the present invention, particularly with regard to the use thereof on any material in contact with fresh water or salt water, crafts and/or means of transport selected from—but not limited to—boats, ships, catamarans, bulk carriers, ferry boats, cargo ships, floats, dredges, barges, tankers, rafts, sea platform suppliers, motor-boats, towboats, pushing boats, container carriers, derrick boats/cranes, submarines, etc., providing, in addition to the anti-graffiti property, nonstickness, which consequently provides the significant inhibition of adhesion of sea and/or river incrustations, as well as other impregnation types, which, in the initial phase of impregnation, behave as an adhesive larva sticking to the surface to develop. The removal of these incrustations from the surfaces of said means of transport and materials dispenses with the employ of both solvents and/or invasive mechanical removals. It is thus possible to remove these impregnations on means of transport that move at a determined speed merely with the friction of the water. Another advantage provided by the present invention as compared with the performance of other anti-incrustation products found on the market, the so-called “anti-fouling”, is that it does not self-delaminate, and also, since it does not undergoes a “sacrifice” in the chemical and/or mechanical (spatula) process of removing the impregnations, it provides a painting that, besides being more ecological, lasts much longer. Therefore, there are the advantages provided by the present invention, among others. In addition to these advantages, the conventional paints available on the market, in the anti-incrustation process, delaminates and disperse heavy metals in water, such as TBT, which are used to prevent partially incrustations on the means of transport.

The cleaning system of the formulations of the present invention is analogue to that of leaves and plants, this system consisting of: self-cleaning capability for soot and dirt to which they are exposed and which, as a result, are deposited onto the surface during periods without rain. In this case, the force of rain water alone is sufficient to carry out the cleaning.

Considering that the monuments, constructions, vehicles and objects exposed to weather action are equally exposed to soot and dirt particles, one observes that the conventional paints that are deposited onto the surface of said objects along the time change become a fertile soil for the proliferation of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, slime, moss and/or algae, and result in dirty, dark and damaged surfaces. A similar situation is observed in the materials in contact with fresh water or salt water, which are subject to corrosion, encrustation, impregnation and/or other attacks by external agents against their contact surface, including the surface of contact with water or with the environment of water-borne means of transport and/or crafts selected—but not limited to, boats, ships, catamarans, bulk carriers, ferry boats, cargo ships, floats, dredges, barges, tankers, rafts, sea platform suppliers, motor-boats, towboats, pushing boats, container carriers, derrick boats/cranes, submarines, etc.

As to the formulations of the present invention, they have high resistance to chemicals, weather, photodegradation and dirt impregnation. They are indicated and used not only for protection against graffiti-scrawling, but also for protection against chemical products, acidic rains, dirt in general, in environments that are chemically aggressive or not.

The formulations of the present invention can be made commercially available in the form of pain, varnish and water-emulsified solvent base and can be applied to:

-   means of transport like: trains, subways, vehicles in general (such     as motorcycles, cars, buses, bicycles, etc.), plains, crafts and/or     water-borne means of transport selected—but not limited to, boats,     ships, catamarans, bulk carriers, ferry boats, cargo ships, floats,     dredges, barges, tankers, rafts, sea platform suppliers,     motor-boats, towboats, pushing boats, container carriers, derrick     boats/cranes, submarines, etc.; -   constructions like: frontages, walls, stations, buildings, shopping     centers, school buildings, hospitals, monuments and historic     heritage, chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories, chemical,     petrochemical and mining industries, commercial and industrial     kitchens and places where there is a need for asepsis and protection     against graffiti, weather action and chemical aggression; -   objects like: refrigerating chamber, containers, public toilets,     industrial floors, household utensils, metallic and wooden     furniture, public telephone booths, among others.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the process of preparing the mono-component formulation.

In FIG. 1, the streams are represented as follows:

-   C1 represents the polymer containing a hydroxyl group; -   C2 represents isocyanate; -   C3 represents the reaction stabilizing agent (acetyl/benzoyl     chloride); -   C4 is the mixture of solvents; -   C5 is the rheological additive; -   C6 is the dispersing agent; -   C7 is the antifoaming or de-aerating agent; -   C8 is the wetting agent; -   C9 is the mixture of the mineral fillers; -   C10 is the pigment paste; -   C11 is the rest of the solvent passed through the ball mill; -   C12 is the fluorinated polymer PTFE; -   C13 is the hydroxyl alkyl poly dimethylsyloxane resin (which may be     wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic     polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether; -   C14 is fluorochemical; -   C15 is the anti-incrustation, antifungal agent, and inhibitor of the     formation of moss, slime and algae; -   C16 is the frosting agent (optional); -   C17 is the ultraviolet protection agent (optional); -   C18 is the pre-polymer (PHASE 1); -   C19 is the polyfunctional isocyanate.

The pieces of equipment represented by numbers (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) are: reactor provided with stirrer, tank provided with a disperser, ball mill, hermetically closed tank with inert atmosphere and container suitable for commercialization, respectively.

FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a process for preparing the varnish formulation (mono-component).

In FIG. 2, the streams are as represented below:

-   C1 represents the polymer containing hydroxyl group; -   C2 represents isocyanate; -   C3 represents the reaction stabilizing agent (acetyl/benzoyl     chloride); -   C4 is the pre-polymer; -   C5 is the mixture of solvents; -   C6 is the anti-foaming or de-aerating agent; -   C7 is the wetting agent; -   C8 is the fluorinated polymer PTFE; -   C9 is the hydroxyl alkyl poly-dimetylsyloxane resin (which may be     wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic     polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether; -   C10 is the fluorochemical; -   C11 is the anti-incrustation, antifungal agent, and inhibitor of the     formation of moss, slime and algae; -   C12 is the hygroscopic agent; -   C13 is the frosting agent (optional); -   C14 is the ultraviolet protection agent (optional).

The pieces of equipment represented by numbers (1), (2) and (3) are: reactor provided with a stirrer, mixer with inert atmosphere and container suitable for commercialization, respectively.

FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a process for preparing the bi-component formulation.

In FIG. 3, the streams are as represented below:

-   C1 represents the pigment; -   C2 represents the solvent; -   C3 represents the dispersing agent; -   C4 is the anti-foaming or de-aerating agent; -   C5 is the grinding agent; -   C6 is the added part of the mixture of solvents; -   C7 is the rheological additive; -   C8 is the dispersing agent; -   C9 is the anti-foaming or de-aerating agent; -   C10 is the wetting agent; -   C11 is the mixture of the mineral fillers; -   C12 is the polyester resin; -   C13 is the plasticizer; -   C14 is the pigment paste; -   C15 is the rest of the solvent passed through the ball mill; -   C16 is the hydroxyl alkyl polydimethylsyloxane resin (which may be     wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic     polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether); -   C17 is the fluorinated polymer PTFE; -   C18 is the fluorochemical; -   C19 is the anti-incrustation, antifungal agent, and inhibitor of the     formation of moss, slime and algae; -   C20 is the frosting agent (optional); -   C21 is the ultraviolet protection agent (optional).

The pieces of equipment represented by numbers (1) and (1′), (2) and (2′) and (3) are: tank provided with a disperser, a ball mill and a container suitable for commercialization, respectively.

FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of a process for preparing the varnish (bi-component) formulation.

In FIG. 4, the streams are as represented below:

-   C1 is the added part of the mixture of solvents; -   C2 is the anti-foaming or de-aerating agent; -   C3 is the wetting agent; -   C4 is the polyester resin; -   C5 is the hydroxyl alkyl poly-dimetylsyloxane resin (which may be     wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic     polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether); -   C6 is the fluorinated polymer PTFE; -   C7 is the fluorochemical; -   C8 is the anti-foaming, antifungal agent, and inhibitor of the     formation of moss, slime and algae; -   C9 is the frosting agent (optional); -   C10 is the ultraviolet protection agent (optional).

The pieces of equipment represented by numbers (1) and (2) are: tank provided with a disperser and container suitable for commercialization, respectively.

FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of a process for preparing the bi-component formulation as a water-emulsified base.

In FIG. 5, the streams are as represented below:

-   C1 represents the added pigment; -   C2 represents the dissolution carrier; -   C3 represents the dispersing agent; -   C4 is the anti-foaming or de-aerating agent; -   C5 is the grinding agent; -   C6 is the dissolution carrier; -   C7 is the rheological additive; -   C8 is the dispersing agent; -   C9 is the anti-foaming or de-aerating agent; -   C10 is the surfactant; -   C11 is the mixture of the mineral fillers; -   C12 is the dispersion of a urethane polymer; -   C13 is the acrylic resin emulsion; -   C14 is the emulsion of a hydroxyl alkyl poly-dimetylsyloxane resin; -   C15 is the fluorochemical; -   C16 is the anti-foaming, antifungal agent, which inhibits the     formation of moss, slime and algae; -   C17 is the pigment paste;

The pieces of equipment represented by numbers (1) and (1′), (2) and (2′) and (3) are: tank provided with a disperser, ball mill and container suitable for commercialization, respectively.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the face of the critical scenario referring to the pollution caused by graffiti-scrawling, the present invention provides formulations that, with their antigraffiti, self-cleaning and/or nonstick properties, provides easy removal of graffiti-scrwaling, as well as of impregnating materials, made with spray, latex, wax chalk, brush pen, enamels, greases, dusts, natural, chemical and marine incrusting materials, among others, and still reduce the impregnation of dirt in general and/or microorganisms substantially.

The objective of the present invention is to aid in preserving public heritage or any other type of construction, means of transport and objects. By virtue of their mechanism of self-cleaning actuation similar to that of leaves, said formulations are capable of loosening dirt particles like dust and soot, which are deposited onto the surface of the object to which the formulations have been applied, without the need to use solvents. This cleaning can be made in various ways, among which are: dry-removal (using paper, sponge, newspaper, flannel or any other type of object) by employing only water and soap, pressurized water jets. The rapid and easy removal of graffiti-scrawls without the need to use a solvent promotes the cleaning of the object without any damage to the object to which the formulation has been applied.

The formulations of the present invention exhibit the following characteristics:

-   chemical resistance (against solvents) and UV radiation; -   resistance to solvents, acids and base; -   resistance to abrasion via liquids (washing higher than 2500 cycles     in test); -   inhibition of adhesion of the graffiti-scrawls, as well as of     impregnating materials, like spray, latex, wax chalk, brush pen,     enamels, greases, dusts, incrustation materials, among others; -   waterproof, hydrophobic and oilphobic properties imparted to the     surface; -   imparts self-cleaning property to the treated surface; -   substantial reduction of microorganism formation, brought about by     the impermeability, self-cleaning and fungicidal action imparted to     the surface of the object; -   easy removal and absence of damage to the surface treated, since     they are used without the need for solvents for cleaning. -   The properties of the formulations of the present invention are     obtained due to the presence of certain components, namely:

Self-Cleaning Property

The self-cleaning property of the formulation of the present patent application is obtained by adding a fluorochemical polymer, which is a fluorinated polymer that modifies the molecular structure of the surface, reducing the area of contact of the dirt particle with the protected surface, as well as reducing the coefficient of friction between them. The reduction of the friction coefficient on the film provides a significant increase in the speed of the water droplet, dragging the soot and dust particles deposited onto the surface.

Property of Removing Graffiti-Scrawls with Water and Soap

The property of removing graffiti-scrawls with water and soap of the formulation of the present application is obtained by adding 1 to 3% hydroxyl alkyl poly-dimetylsyloxane resin (which may be wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether, and 3 to 5% of a polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) fluorinate.

UV Resistance Property

This property is improved in the formulation if an ultraviolet filtration agent is added.

Property of Anti-Incrustration, Antifungal and Inhibition of the Formation of Moss, Slime and Algae:

The Property of anti-incrustration, antifungal and inhibition of the formation of moss, slime and algae is obtained by gradual release of 2 to 3% by weight of the product commercially available as MX 500®, which contains in its composition plant extracts, isothiazolone, mineral oils, cationic surfactants and glycols. This property results from the joint action of MX 500® with the PTFE polymer, which imparts “antiadhesion” of microorganisms onto the film formed on the object to which the formulation has been applied and provide an efficient anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting action of the formulation.

Formulation

The formulations of the present invention are made from synthetic and natural polymers in mono- and bi-component systems and may contain a solvent of water as a carrier.

Said formulations comprise the following constituents:

-   film forming agent (curing agent): polyester derived from PET     (polytethylene therephthalate), 2,4 toluene di-isocyanate, which may     be substituted with 2,6 toluene di-isocyanate, and/or a mixture     thereof or hydrophylic polyisocyanate; -   surface activity additive: hydroxyl alkyl poly-dimetylsyloxane     resin, modified hydroxyl alkyl poly-dimetylsyloxane resin (which may     be wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic     polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether) and fluorinated polymer     of PTFE: Fluorinate; -   grinding carrier: plant oil, short-chain alquidic resin in plant     oil, hydroxylated acrylic resin or carboxylated resin; -   plasticizer: castor oil, chlorinated paraffin and/or mixture     thereof; -   rheological agent: organically modified clays, preferably: bentone; -   mineral fillers: (calcium and/or magnesium) carbonates, talc and     silicates, optionally subjected to previous treatment for removal of     moisture and/or mixture thereof; -   solvents with moisture contents ≦0.2%, selected from: aromatic     hydrocarbons (xylenes and toluenes), ketonic (methylethylketone     (MEK), methylethylbutyl ketone (MEBK), acetates (ethylene and     buthylglycol acetate) and esters (ethyl and butyl esters), and/or     mixtures thereof; -   ultraviolet protection agent:     2(2-hydroxy-3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylbenzyl) phenyl)benzotriazole,     commercially available as TINUVIN®234 ; -   reaction stabilizer: acetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride and/or     mixtures thereof; -   anti-foaming and de-aerating agent: vinyl polymer, mineral oil or     silicone; -   dispersing agent: mineral oil derivative, sodium polyacrylate or     polyacrylic acid sodic salt; -   wetting agent: multifunctional silicone, mineral oil or sodium     polyacrylate; -   anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss, slime and algae inhibiting     agent: a product commercially available (MX 500®) which contains     plant extracts, iso-thiazolone, mineral oils, cationic surfactants     and glycols in its formulation; -   self-cleaning property imparting agent: fluorochemical; -   surfactant: acetylene glycol; -   dissolution carrier: deionized water.

Optionally, the formulations of the present invention may also comprise:

-   hygroscopic agent: polyfunctional isocyanate; -   frosting agent: pyrogenated silicas and polyethylene waxes; -   synthetic, organic and metallic pigments known from the art.

The present invention further relates to processes for preparing the mono-component and bi-component formulations. The individual processes for obtaining the formulations in question are described hereinafter.

I—Process for Manufacturing the Mono-Component Formulation (See FIG. 1)

In the process for preparing the mono-component formulation (which may also be prepared in the form of paint and varnish) it is necessary to prepare the primary binding component and a pigment paste previously. In parallel to this preparation, one formulates the base paste. The preparation steps of the process are detailed hereinafter:

Preparation of the Primary Binding Component (Pre-Polymer) [PHASE 1)

-   1. In a reactor provided with a stirrer, add 0.2-0.5 parts of ratio     equivalent to OH/NCO of one of more polymers containing hydroxyl     groups; -   2. under stirring of 425 rpm, add to the same reactor 1 part of     isocyanate containing polyisocianate groups together with 1-3% by     weight of acid (for example, acetyl chloride or benzoyl chloride),     to maintain the stability of the system; -   3. after stirring for about 20-30 minutes at room temperature     (25-30° C.) at 425 rpm; -   4. the reaction is conducted in an inert atmosphere and in the     absence of water; -   5. raise the temperature to 100° C., for 1 hour; -   6. this preparation results in the pre-polymer of the mono-component     formulation with excess of free NCO.

Preparation of the Pigment Paste

-   1.1 in a tank provided with a disperser, add sequentially, under     stirring: 1700: -   30 to 50% pigment; -   28 to 50% aromatic hydrocarbon (solvent); -   2 to 4% dispersants; -   0.4 to 0.7% anti-foaming or de-aerating agent; -   15 to 25% grinding carrier (plant oil); -   1 to 2% hygroscopic agent; and -   maintain this mixture under stirring for another 30 minutes; 1.2     Pass the mixture obtained in the previous step through a ball mill     until 7-hegmans fineness is achieved;

Preparation of the Paste (PHASE 2):

-   1a. in a tank provided with a dispersor, add 15 to 25% by weight of     a mixture of solvents selected from esters, hydrocarbons, aromatics,     acetates and ketonics, which present each 5 moisture content 0.2%     (ratio of the mixture of solvents: 40% hydrocarbon:20% acetate:30%     ester:10% ketonics; 2a. under stirring of 1700 rpm, add to the same     tank 3 to 5% (solution at 10% by weight of solvent) rheologic     additive, 0.4-0.6% by weight of dispersant, 0.3-0.6% by weight of     anti-foaming or de-aerating agent, and 0.3-0.6% by weight of wetting     agent; -   3a. add, under stiring of 1700 rpm, 7-12% by weight of mineral     fillers (silicate:carbonate ratio being 70%:30%) and 10-15% by     weight of the pigment paste (obtained in step 1.2), until a paste is     formed; -   4a. pass the paste obtained in the preceding step through a ball     mill three times; -   5a. wash the mill with the remaining solvent (about 5-10% by weight     of the amount used in step 1a) and add it to the paste; -   6a. add the paste to a hermetically closed tank with inert     atmosphere; -   7a. further under stirring at 425 rpm, add the surface-activity     additives: 2-4% by weight of fluorinated polymer of PTFE and 1-3% by     weight of hydroxyl alkyl polydimethylsyloxane resin (which may be     wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic     polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether); 1-3% by weight of an     agent that provides self-cleaning: fluorochemical; and 1-4% of an     anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent; -   8a. the addition of 5-10% by weight of a frosting agent and 0.5-1.5%     by weigh of an ultraviolet protection agent at this step of the     process is optional; -   9a. under slow stirring (425 rpm), add the pre-polymer obtained in     step 6 of PHASE 1 (mixture ratio (PHASE 1):(PHASE 2) being     (35%-45%):(55%-60%), further mix under stirring until complete     homogenization is achieved; -   10a. add 1-2% by weight polyfunctional isocyanate as moisture     absorbent; -   11a. the thus obtained mono-component formulation is subsequently     packed into a suitable container for commercialization.

I.I=Process for Preparing a Varnish—Mono-Component (See FIG. 2)

For the preparation of a varnish, the step of preparing the primary binding component (pre-polymer) [PHASE 1] is repeated. However, the following steps are necessary to obtain the preparation of the [PHASE 2A]:

Preparation of the Primary Binding Component (Pre-Polymer) PHASE 1

-   1. in a reactor provided with a stirrer, add 0.2-0.5% of parts of     ratio equivalent to OH/NCO of one or more polymers containing     hydroxyl groups; -   2. under stirring at 425 rpm, add to the same reactor 1 part of     isocyanate containing polyisocyanate groups together with 1-3% by     weight acid (for example, acetyl chloride and/or benzoyl chloride),     to maintain the stability of the system: -   3. after mixing for about 20-30 minutes at room temperature (25-30°     C.) at 425 rpm; -   4. the reaction is conducted in inert atmosphere and in the absence     of water; -   5. raise the temperature to 100° C. for 1 hour; -   6. this preparation results in the pre-polymer of the mono-component     formulation with excess of free NCO; -   7. transfer the mixture to an inert-atmosphere mixer.

Preparation of the [PHASE 2A)

-   1b. in the mixer with inert atmosphere containing the pre-polymer     obtained in step 6, add 18-30% by weight of a mixture of solvents     selected from esters, hydrocarbons, aromatics, acetates and     ketonics, each exhibiting moisture content 0.2% (ratio of the     mixture of solvent: 40% hydrocarbon:20% acetate:30% ester; 10%     ketonics); -   2b. Under stirring at 425 rpm, first add 0.3-0.6% by weight of the     anti-foaming or de-airing additive; 0.4-0.6% of wetting agent and     then 2-4% by weight of fluorate polymer of PTFE and 1-3% by weight     of hydroxyl alkyl polydimethylsyloxane resin (which may be wholly or     partly substituted with functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane or     modified polyether; 1-3% of a fluorochemical; 2-4% of     anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent;     and 1-2% of a hygoscopic agent (polyfunctional isocyanate); -   3b. the addition of 5-10% by weight of a grosting agent and 0.5-1.5%     by weight of ultraviolet protection agent in this process step is     optional; -   4b. pass the varnish from step 2b (or step 3b, as the case may be)     through a 120-μm filter to retain possible impurities absorbed in     the process;

5b. the thus obtained varnish is then packed in a suitable container for commercialization.

II—Process of Making the Bi-Component Formulation (See FIG. 3)

The bi-component formulations (which may be presented in the form of pain, varnish and water-emulsified base) comprise the following components A and B, besides the pigment paste. The steps of preparing each of these components are detailed hereinafter:

Preparation of the Pigment Paste

-   1.1c. in a tank provided with a disperser, add sequentially, under     stirring of 1700 rpm:

30-50% pigment,

-   28-50% aromatic hydrocarbon (solvent), -   2-4% dispersants, -   0.4-0.7% anti-foaming or de-aerating agent, -   15-25% grinding carrier (short-chain alquidic resin in plant oil or     hydroxylated acrylic resin), -   and keep this mixture under stirring for another 30 minutes; -   1.2c. pass the mixture obtained in the preceding step through a ball     mill until fineness of 7 hegmans is achieved.

Preparation of Component A

-   1c. in a tank provided with a disperser, under rotation of 1700 rpm,     add 4-15% by weight of a mixture of solvents (obtained through the     following mixture: 40% hydrocarbon:20% acetate:30% ester:10%     ketonics), together with 3-5% (solution at 10% by weight of solvent)     rheological additive; -   2c. raise the stirring of the mixture from step 1c to 1700 rpm for     10 minutes; -   3c. add 0.4-0.6% by weight of dispersant, 0.3-0.6% by weight of     anti-foaming or de-aerating agent, and 0.4-0.6% by weight of wetting     agent; -   4c. still stirring at 1700 rpm, add then 5-10% by weight of a     mixture of mineral fillers (obtained through the following mixture:     50% silicate:30% calcium carbonate:20% magnesium carbonate; -   5c. keep under stirring at 1700 rpm for 25 minutes, for complete     dispersion of the mineral fillers; -   6c. add slowly 30-40% polyester derived from PET (polyethylene     therephthalate (optionally polyester derived from PET 20% in     combination with 80% hydroxylated acrylic resin containing OH groups     and aliphatic polyisocyanate catalysts 60-80% with 10-40% of     aromatic polyisocyanate); -   7c. add 1-3% of the plasticizer, keeping the stirring at 1700 rpm     for another 5 minutes; -   8c. add to step 7c about 10-15% of the pigments obtained in the     pigment paste of step 1.2c; -   9c. mix the solution obtained in the preceding step to ¼ of the     initial rotation, pass the same mixture through a ball mill and     immediately lead it to the tank; -   10c. add the rest of the solvents (about 20% by weight of the amount     used in step 1c) through the ball mill to wash it and decrease loss,     and equally lead the wash solution obtained to the tank containing     the formulation of step 9c, for the purpose of adjusting the     viscosity (if necessary, add solvent to achieve the desired     viscosity (adjustment of the solution); -   11c. add the following surface-activity additives: 1-3% hydroxyl     alkyl pro-pyldimethylsyloxane resin (which may be wholly or partly     substituted with functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane or modified     polyether; 2-4% fluorinated polymer of PTFE, 1-2% of fluorochemical     and 2-4% of anti-incrustation, antifungal agent and inhibitor of the     formation of moss, slime and algae; -   12c. mix until complete homogenization is achieved; -   13c. the addition of 5-10% of frosting agent and 0.5-1.5% by weight     of ultraviolet protection agent is optional.

Preparation of Component B

-   1d. fractionating component 2.4 toluene isocyanate or 2.6 toluene     diisocyanate; -   2d. adding, in package, in schoichiometric proportion of: 3     component A: 1 component B; -   3c. in step 2d, further adding an excess of about at most 25% by     weight of component B.

II.I—Process for Preparing a Varnish—Bi-Component (See FIG. 4)

For preparation of bi-component formulations in the form of varnish, individual preparation of components A and B is necessary. The steps of preparing each of these components are detailed hereinafter:

Preparation of Component A

-   1c. in a tank provided with a disperser, under stirring of 425 rpm,     add 15-25% by weight of a mixture of solvents (obtained through the     following mixture: 40% hydrocarbon:20% acetate:30% ester:10%     ketonics); -   2c. add 0.3-0.6% by weight anti-foaming or de-aerating agent and     0.3-0.6% by weight of wetting agent; -   3c. further under stirring of 425 rpm until complete homogenization     is achieved; -   4c. slowly add 35-45% of polyester derived from PET (polyethylene     therephthalate); -   5c. add the following surface-activity additives: 1-3% of hydroxyl     alkyl polydimetylsyloxane resin (which may be wholly or partly     substituted with functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane or modified     polyether; 2-4% fluorinated polymer from PTFE, 1-3% fluorochemical     and 2-4% of anti-incrustation, antifungal and     moss/slime/algae-formation inhibiting agent; -   6c. mixing until complete homogenization is achieved; -   7c. the addition of 5-10% of frosting agent and 0.5-1.5% by weight     of ultra-violet protection agent is optional; -   8c. pass the varnish from step 6c (or 7c, as the case may be)     through a 120-μm filer for retention of possible impurities absorbed     in the process; -   9c. the thus obtained varnish is then packed in a suitable container     for commercialization.

Preparation of Component B

-   1d. fractionating component 2.4 toluene isocyanate or 2.6 toluene     diisocyanate; -   2d. adding in package in stoichiometric proportion of: 3 component     A: 1 component B. -   3d. in step 2d, further adding an excess of about, at most, 25% by     weight of the component B.

II.II—Process for Preparing the Water-Emulsified Bi-Component Formulation (See FIG. 5)

In the bi-component formulations in the form of water-emulsified base, the individual preparation of components A, B and the pigment paste is necessary. The steps of preparing each of these components are detailed hereinafter.

Preparation of the Pigment Paste

-   1.1c. in a tank provided with a disperser, add sequentially under     stirring of 1700 rpm: -   40 to 60% pigment; -   25 to 35% deionized water; -   2 to 4% dispersants; -   0.4 to 1% anti-foaming or de-aerating agent; and -   15 to 25% of a grinding carrier (carboxylated resin); -   and keep this mixture under stirring for another 30 minutes; -   1.2c. pass the mixture obtained in the preceding step through a ball     mill until fineness of 7 hegmans is achieved;

Preparation of Component A

-   1e. in a tank provided with a disperser, under stirring of 1700 rpm,     add 10 to 20% by weight of deionized water and then add 0.1 to 0.8%     by weight of rheological additive and keep the stirring for 25     minutes; -   2e. still under stirring of 1700 rpm, add 0.4-0.8% by weight of a     dispersing agent, 0.3-0.6% by weigh of an antifoaming agent and 1-2%     of surfactant; -   3e. add 6-12% by weight of a mixture of mineral fillers (obtained     through the mixture ratio: 40% calcium (or magnesium) carbonate:15%     talc:35% silicate) and keep the stirring for another 20 minutes; 4e.     add 25-40% by weight of the dispersion of an aliphatic urethane     polymer (50% water:50% polymer) containing hydroxyl groups and than     add 8-15% by weight of the acrylic resin in emulsion (50% water:50%     of the resin) and keep stirring for another 10 minutes; -   5e. reduce the stirring to ¼ of rpm and add 2-4% by weight of     hydroxyl alkyl prolydimethylsyoxane modified resin; 1-3% by weight     of fluorochemical and 2-4% by weight of anti-incrustation agent; -   6e. add 8-15% by weight of pigment paste.

Preparation of Component B

-   1f. fractionating the polyisocyanate hydrophilic component     containing NCO groups; -   2f. packing in a suitable package in stoichiometric proportion of: 4     component A: 1 component B.

EXAMPLES

The illustrative examples presented hereinafter will serve to describe the present invention in a better manner. However, the formulations described merely refer to some embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as being limitative of the scope thereof.

All the percentages indicated in the examples are percentages by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation.

Example 1 Mono-Component Formulation

Function in the Amount Ingredient formulation (% by weight) Pigment paste Mineral, metallic and Pigment 30-50 organic pigment Aromatic hydrocarbons Solvent 28-50 Mineral oil derivative Dispersing agent 2-4 Vinyl polymer, mineral Anti-foaming or 0.4-0.7 oil or silicone deaerating agent Plant oil Grinding carrier 15-25 Polyfunctional Hygroscopic agent 1-2 isocyanate [PHASE 2] Esters, ketonics and Solvent 15-25 aromatic hydrocarbons and acetates Clay (bentone) Rheological agent 3-5 Mineral oil derivative Dispersing agent 0.4-0.6 Vinyl polymer, mineral Anti-foaming or 0.3-0.6 oil or silicone deaerating agent Multifunctional silicone, Wetting agent 0.3-0.6 mineral oil or sodium polyacrylate Carbonates, talcs and Mineral filler 7-12 silicates Pigment paste Pigment 10-15 Fluorinated polymer Surface-activity 2-4 from PTFE additive Hydroxyl alkyl polydi- Surface activity 1-3 methylsyloxane resin additive (which may be wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic polydi- methylsyloxane or modi- fied polyether; Fluorochemical Agent that provides 1-3 self-cleaning MX 500 ® Anti-incrustation, 2-4 antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent Pyrogenated silicas and Frosting agent 5-10 polyethylene waxes (optional) TINUVIN ® (optional) Ultraviolet protection 0.5-1.5 agent Polyfunctional Hygroscopic 1-2 isocyanate agent PHASE 1 Pre-polymer 35-45

Example 2 Varnish Formulation—Mono-Component

Function in the Amount Ingredient formulation (% by weight) Esters, ketonics and Solvent 18-38 aromatic hydrocarbons and acetates Vinyl polymer, mineral Anti-foaming or 0.3-0.6 oil or silicone deaerating agent Multifunctional silicone, Wetting agent 0.4-0.6 mineral oil or sodium polyacrylate Fluorinated PTFE Surface activity 2-4 polymer additive Hydroxyl alkyl polydi- Surface activity 1-3 methylsyloxane resin additive (which may be wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic polydi- methylsyloxane or modi- fied polyether) Fluorochemical Agent that provides 1-3 self-cleaning MX 500 ® Anti-incrustation, 2-4 antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent Polyfunctional Hygroscopic 1-2 isocyanate agent Pyrogenated silicas and Frosting agent 5-10 polyethylene waxes (optional) TINUVIN ® (optional) Ultraviolet protection 0.5-1.5 agent PHASE 1-primary Pre-polymer 40-65 binder

Example 3 Bi-Component Formulation

Function in the Amount Ingredient formulation (% by weight) Pigment paste Mineral, metallic and Pigment 30-50 organic pigment Aromatic hydrocarbons Solvent 28-50 Mineral oil derivative Dispersing agent 2-4 Vinyl polymer, mineral Anti-foaming or 0.4-0.7 oil or silicone deaerating agent Short-chain alquidic Grinding carrier 15-25 resin in plant oil or hydroxylated acrylic resin Component A Esters, ketonics and Solvent  4-15 aromatic hydrocarbons and acetates Clay (bentone) Rheological agent 3-5 Mineral oil derivative Dispersing agent 0.4-0.6 Vinyl polymer, mineral Anti-foaming or 0.3-0.6 oil or silicone deaerating agent Multifunctional silicone, Wetting agent 0.4-0.6 mineral oil or sodium polyacrylate Carbonates, talcs and Mineral filler  5-10 silicates Polyester derived from Film forming 30-40 PET agent Chlorinated paraffin Plasticizer 1-3 and/or castor oil Pigment paste pigment 10-15 Hydroxyl alkyl polydi- Surface activity 1-3 methylsyloxane resin additive (which may be wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic polydi- methylsyloxane or modi- fied polyether;) Fluorinated polymer Surface activity 1-3 from PTFE additive Fluorochemical Agent that provides 1-3 self-cleaning MX 500 ® Anti-incrustation, 2-4 antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent Pyrogenated silicas and Frosting agent  5-10 polyethylene waxes (optional) TINUVIN ® (optional) Ultraviolet protection 0.5-1.5 agent 2,4 toluene isocyanate Component B- 18-28 or 2,6 toluene curing agent diisocyanate

Example 4 Varnish Formulation—Bi-Component

Function in the Amount Ingredient formulation (% by weight) Esters, ketonics and Solvent 15-25 aromatics hydrocarbons and acetates Vinyl polymer, mineral Anti-foaming or 0.3-0.6 oil or silicone deaerating agent Multifunctional silicone, Wetting agent 0.3-0.6 mineral oil or sodium polyacrylate Polyester derived Film forming 35-45 from PET agent Hydroxyl alkyl polydi- Surface activity 1-3 methylsyloxane resin additive (which may be wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic polydi- methylsyloxane or modi- fied polyether;) Fluorinated polymer Surface activity 2-4 from PTFE additive Fluorochemical Agent that provides 1-3 self-cleaning MX 500 ® Anti-incrustation, 2-4 antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent Pyrogenated silicas and Frosting agent 5-10 polyethylene waxes (optional) TINUVIN ® (optional) Ultraviolet protection 0.5-1.5 agent 2,4 toluene isocyanate Component B- 20-30 or 2,6 toluene curing agent diisocyanate

Example 5 Bi-Component Formulation—Water-Emulsified Base

Function in the Amount Ingredient formulation (% by weight) Pigment paste Mineral and organic Pigment 40-60 pigment Deionized water Dissolution 25-35 carrier Sodium polyacrylate Dispersing agent 2-4 Vinyl polymer Anti-foaming or 0.4-1   deaerating agent Carboxylated resin Grinding carrier 15-25 Component A Deionized water Dissolution agent 10-20 Bentonite Rheological 0.1-0.8 additive Polyacrylic acid Dispersing agent 0.4-0.8 sodium salt Vinyl polymer Anti-foaming or 0.3-0.6 deaerating agent Acetylene glycol Surfactant 1-2 Carbonates, talcs and Mineral filler  6-12 silicates Dispersion of aliphatic Film forming 25-40 urethane resin agent Acrylic resin in Film forming  8-15 emulsion agent Pigment paste Pigment  8-15 Modified hydroxyl alkyl Surface activity 2-4 polydimethylsyloxane additive resin (which may be wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic polydi- methylsyloxane or modi- fied polyether) Fluorochemical Agent that provides 1-3 self-cleaning MX 500 ® Anti-incrustation, 2-4 antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent Hydrophilic Component B- 12-20 polyisocyanate curing agent 

1. A mono-component formulation, characterized by comprising in % by weight: 15 to 25% of solvent; 3 to 5% of rheological agent; 0.4 to 0.6% of dispersing agent; 0.3 to 0.6% of antifoaming or de-aerating agent; 0.3 to 0.6% of wetting agent; 7 to 12% of mineral filler; 10 to 15% of pigment paste; 2 to 4% of a first surface activity additive; 1 to 3% of a second surface activity additive; 1 to 3% of a self-cleaning agent; 2 to 4% of an anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent; 1 to 2% of hygroscopic agent; 35 to 45% of a pre-polymer, wherein the pigment paste is comprised by: 30-50% of pigment, 28-50% of solvent 2-4% of dispersing agent 0.4-0.7% of antifoaming or dearating 15-25% of grinding carrier 1-2% of hygroscopic agent.
 2. A mono-component formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that said formulation further comprises: 5 to 10% of a frosting agent; and/or 0.5 to 1.5% of an ultraviolet protection agent.
 3. A mono-component formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solvents are selected from: esters, compounds having a ketone group, aromatic hydrocarbons and acetates; the rheological agent is selected from a modified clay; the dispersing agent is an mineral oil derivative; the antifoaming or de-aerating agent is selected from: vinyl polymer, mineral oil or silicone; the wetting agent is selected from multifunctional silicone, mineral oil or sodium polyacrylate; the mineral fillers are selected from: calcium carbonate magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicate and talc; the pigments are selected from: mineral, metallic and organic pigments; the surface activity additives are selected from: hydroxyl alkyl polydimethylsiloxane resin, functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane, modified polyether and fluorinated PTFE polymer; the self-cleaning agent is fluorochemical (PTFE); the anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent is a mixture of plant extracts, isothiazoline, mineral oils, cationic surfactants and glycol, commercially known as MX 500®; the frosting agent is selected from silicium dioxide and polyethylene waxes; the ultraviolet protection agent is 2(2-hydroxy-3,5-bis (1,1-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl)benzotriazole; the hygroscopic agent is polyfunctional isocyanate; and the grinding carrier is plant oil.
 4. A process for manufacturing a mono-component formulation as defined in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) preparing the primary binding component (pre-polymer) [PHASE 1]: 1-in a reactor with a stirrer, add 0.2-0.5 parts of equivalent ratio of OH/NCO of one or more polymer containing hydroxyl groups; 2-under stirring of 425 rpm, add in the same reactor, 1 part of isocyanate containing polyisocyanate together with 1-3% by weight of acid such as acetyl chloride or benzoyl chloride, to maintain the stability of the system; 3-after mixing for 20-30 minutes at room temperature 25-30° C. at 425 rpm; 4-the reaction is conducted in inert atmosphere and in the absence of water; 5-raise the temperature to 100° C. for 1 hour; 6-this preparation results in the pre-polymer of the mono-component formulation with an excess of free NCO; b) preparation of the pigment paste; 1.1 in a tank provided with a disperser, add sequentially, under stirring of 1700 rpm: 30 to 50% of pigment; 28 to 50% of aromatic hydrocarbon; 2 to 4% dispersants; 0.4 to 0.7% of antifoaming or de-aerating agent; 15 to 25% of a grinding carrier; 1 to 2% of a hygroscopic agent; and keep this mixture under stirring for another 30 minutes; 1.2. passing the mixture obtained in the preceding step through a ball mill until fineness of 29.16 μm (7 hegmans) is achieved; c) preparing the paste [phase 2]: 1a. in a tank provided with a disperser, add 15-25% by weight of a mixture of solvents selected from esters, hydrocarbons, aromatics, acetates and compounds having a ketone group, which present each a moisture content ≦0.2% (ratio of the mixture of solvents: 40% hydrocarbon:20% acetate; 30% ester:10% compounds having a ketone group); 2a under stirring of 1700 rpm, add in the same tank 3-5% (solution at 10% by weight in solvent) of rheological additive, 0.4-0.6% by weight of dispersant, 0.3-0.6% by weight of antifoaming or de-aerating agent, and 0.3-0.6% by weight of wetting agent; 3a. adding, under stirring of 1700 rpm, 7-12% by weight of mineral fillers (ratio of silicate:carbonate being of 70%:30%) and 10-15% by weight of the pigment paste (obtained in the step 1.2), until a paste is formed; 4a. passing the paste obtained in the preceding step though a ball mill three times; 5a. washing the mill with the remaining solvent (5-10% by weight of the amount used in step 1a) and adding it to the paste; 6a. adding the paste in a hermetically closed tank with inert atmosphere; 7a further under stirring at 425 rpm, adding the surface activity additives: 2-4% by weight of fluorinated PTFE polymer and 1-3% by weight of hydroxyl alkyl polydimethylsyloxane resin, which may be wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether; 1-3% by weight of an agent that provides self-cleaning: fluorochemical (PTFE); and 2-4% of an anti-incrustation agent, antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent; 8a. the addition of 5-10% by weight of a frosting agent and 0.5-1.5% by weight of an ultraviolet protection agent in this step of the process is optional; 9a. under stirring at 425 rpm, adding the pre-polymer obtained in step 6 of PHASE 1 (ratio of mixture (PHASE 1):(PHASE 2) being (35% -45%):(55% -60%), further mixing under slow stirring until complete homogenization is achieved; 10a. adding 1-2% by weight of a polyfunctional isocyanate as a moisture absorbent; 11a. the thus obtained mono-component formulation is subsequently packed in a suitable container for commercialization.
 5. A mono-component formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a paint.
 6. A mono-component formulation, characterized by comprising in % by weight: 18 to 38% of solvent; 0.3 to 0.6% of antifoaming or de-aerating agent 0.4 to 0.6% of wetting agent; 2 to 4% of a first surface activity additive; 1 to 3% of a second surface activity additive; 1 to 3% of an agent that enables self-cleaning; 2 to 4% of an anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent; 1 to 2% of a hygroscopic agent; 40 to 65% of a pre-polymer.
 7. A mono-component formulation according to claim 6, characterized in that said formulation further comprises: 5 to 10% of a frosting agent; and/or 0.5 to 1.5% of an ultraviolet protection agent.
 8. A mono-component according to claim 6, characterized in that: the solvents are selected from: esters, compounds having a ketone group, aromatic hydrocarbons and acetates; the antifoaming or de-aerating agent is selected from: vinyl polymer, mineral oil or silicone; the surface activity additives are selected from: hydroxyalkylpolydimethylsyloxane resin; acrylic functional polydimethylsyloxane; modified polyether and fluorinated PTFE polymer; the agent that enables self-cleaning is fluorochemical (PTFE); the anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae-formation inhibiting agent is a mixture of plant extracts, isothiazoline, mineral oils, cationic surfactants and glycol, commercially known as MX 500®; the hygroscopic agent is polyfunctional isocyanate; the frosting agent is selected from silicium dioxide and polyethylene waxes; the ultraviolet protection agent is 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-bis (1,1-dimethylzenzl)phenyl)benzotriazole; the wetting agent is selected from multifunctional silicone, mineral oil and sodium polyacrylate.
 9. A process for manufacturing a formulation as defined in claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: a) preparing the primary binding component, i.e., pre-polymer [PHASE 1]:
 1. in a reactor provided with a stirrer, add 0.2-0.5 parts of equivalent ratio of OH/NCO of one or more polymers containing hydroxyl groups;
 2. under stirring of 425 rpm, add in the same reactor, 1 part of isocyanate containing polyisocyanate groups together with 1-3% by weight of acid, such as, for example acetyl chloride and/or benzoyl chloride, to keep the stability of the system;
 3. after mixing for 20-30 minutes at room temperature of 25-30° C. at 425 rpm;
 4. the reaction is conducted in inert atmosphere and in the absence of water;
 5. raise the temperature up to 100° C. for 1 hour;
 6. this preparation results in the pre-polymer of the mono-component formulation with excess of free NCO;
 7. transfer the mixture to an inert-atmosphere mixer. b) preparing the paste [PHASE 2A]: 1b. in the inert-atmosphere mixer containing the pre-polymer obtained in step 6, add 18-36% by weight of a mixture of solvents selected from esters, hydrocarbons, aromatics, acetates and compounds having a ketone group, which exhibit each a moisture content ≦0.2% wherein the ratio of the mixture of solvents: 40% hydrocarbon:20% acetate:30% ester:10% compounds having a ketone group; 2b. under stirring of 425 rpm, first add 0.3-0.6% by weight of the antifoaming or deaerating agent; 0.4-0.6% of a wetting agent and then 2-4% by weight of fluorinated PTFE polymer and 1-3% by weight of hydroxyalkylpolydimethylsyloxane resin, in which may be whole or partly substituted with functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether; 1-3% of a fluorochemical, such as PTFE; 2-4% of an anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae inhibiting agent; and 1-2% of a hygroscopic agent such as polyfunctional polyisocyanate; 3b. the addition of 5-10% by weight of frosting agent and 0.5-1.5% by weight of ultraviolet protection agent in this step of the process is optional; 4b. pass the varnish resulting from step 2b or 3b, as the case may be through a 120 μm-filter to retain possible impurities absorbed in the process; 5b. the thus obtained varnish is subsequently packed in a suitable container for commercialization.
 10. A mono-component formulation according to claim 6, characterized in that it is a varnish.
 11. A bi-component formulation, characterized by comprising a component A and a component B, wherein component A comprises in % by weight: 4 to 15 of solvent; 3 to 5% of rheological agent; 0.4 to 0.6% of dispersing agent; 0.3 to 0.6% of antifoaming or de-aerating agent; 0.4 to 0.6% of wetting agent; 5 to 10% of mineral filler; 30 to 40% of film forming agent; 1 to 3% of plasticizer; 10 to 15% of a pigment paste; 1 to 3% of a first surface activity additive; 2 to 4% of a second surface activity additive; 1 to 2% of an agent that enables self-cleaning; 2 to 4% of an anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae-formation inhibiting agent; 18 to 28% of a curing agent wherein the pigment paste is comprised by: 30-50% of pigment, 28-50% of solvent 2-4% of dispersing agent 0.4-0.7% of antifoaming or dearating 15-25% of grinding carrier.
 12. A bi-component formulation according to claim 11, characterized in that said formulation further comprises: 5 to 10% of a frosting agent; and/or 0.5 to 1.5% of an ultraviolet protection agent.
 13. A bi-component formulation according to claim 11, characterized in that: the solvents are selected from: esters, compounds having a ketone group, aromatic hydrocarbons and acetates; the rheological agent is selected from a modified clay; the dispersing agent is a mineral-oil derivative; the antifoaming or de-aerating agent is selected from: vinyl polymer, mineral oil and silicone; the wetting agent is selected from multifunctional silicone, mineral oil and sodium polyacrylate; the mineral fillers are selected from: calcium carbonate, and/or magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicates and talc; the film forming agent is polyester derived from PET; optionally polyester derived from PET 20% in combination with 80% hydroxylated acrylic resin containing OH groups and aliphatic polyisocyanate catalysts 60-80% with 10-40% aromatic polyisocianate; the plasticizer is selected from castor oil and chlorinated paraffin;—the pigments are selected from: mineral, metallic and organic pigments; the surface activity additives are selected from: hydroxyl alkyl polydimethylsyloxane resin; functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane; modified polyester and fluorinated polymer from PTFE; the agent that enables self-cleaning is the fluorochemical (PTFE); the anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae-formation inhibiting agent is a mixture of plant extracts, isothiazoline, mineral oils, cationic surfactants and glycol, commercially known as MX 500®; the frosting agent is selected from silicium dioxide and polyethylene waxes; the ultraviolet protection agent is 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl)benzotriazole; the curing agent (component B) is selected from: 2,4 toluene isocyanate and 2,6 toluene di-isocyanate; the grinding carrier is selected from alquidic resin having a short drying period, plant oil or hydroxylated acrylic resin.
 14. A process for manufacturing a bi-component formulation as defined in claim 11, characterized by comprising the following steps: a) preparing the pigment paste: 1.1c. in a tank provided with a disperser, add sequentially, under stirring of 1700 rpm: 30 to 50% pigment, 28 to 30% of aromatic hydrocarbon, 2 to 4% of dispersants, 0.4 to 0.7% of antifoaming or de-aerating agent; and 15 to 25% of grinding carrier, such as alquidic resin having a short drying period in plant oil or hydroxylated acrylic resin, and keep this mixture under stirring for another 30 minutes; 1.2c. pass the mixture obtained in the preceding step through a ball mill until fineness of 29.16 μm (7 hegmans) is achieved; b) preparing the component A: 1c. in a tank provided with a disperser, under rotation of 1700 rpm, add 4-15% by weight of a mixture of solvents, which is obtained through the following mixture: 40% hydrocarbon:20% acetate:30% ester:10% compounds having a ketone group, together with 3-5% rheological additive in a solution at 10% by weight of solvent; 2c. keep the stirring of the mixture from step 1c to 1700 rpm for 10 minutes; 3c. add 0.4-0.6% by weight of dispersant, 0.3-0.6% by weight of anti foaming or deaerating agent, and 0.4-0.6% by weight of wetting agent; 4c. still stirring at 1700 rpm, add then 5-10% by weight of a mixture of mineral fillers, which is obtained through the following mixture: 50% silicate:30% calcium carbonate:20% magnesium carbonate; 5c. keep under stirring at 1700 rpm for 25 minutes, for complete dispersion of the mineral fillers; 6c. add slowly 30-40% polyester derived from PET (polyethylene therephthalate) optionally polyester derives from PET 20% in combination with 80% hydroxylated acrylic resin containing OH groups and aliphatic polyisocyanate catalysts 60-80% with 10-40% of aromatic polyisocyanate. 7c. add 1-3% of the plasticizer, keeping the stirring at 1700 rpm for another 5 minutes; 8c. add to step 7c 10-15% of the pigments obtained in the pigment paste of step 1.2c; 9c. mix the solution obtained in the preceding step at 425 rpm, pass the same mixture through a ball mill and immediately lead it to the tank; 10c. add the rest of the solvents -20% by weight of the amount used in step 1c—through the ball mill to wash it and decrease loss, and equally lead the wash solution obtained to the tank containing the formulation of step 9c, for the purpose of adjusting the viscosity and, if necessary, add solvent to achieve the desired viscosity for the adjustment of the solution; 11c. add the following surface-activity additives: 1-3% hydroxyl alkyl polydimethylsyloxane resin which may be wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether; 2-4% fluorinated polymer of PTFE, 1-2% of fluorochemical (PTFE) and 2-4% of anti-incrustation, antifungal agent and inhibitor of the formation of moss/slime/algae; 12c. mix until complete homogenization is achieved; 13c. the addition of 5-10% of frosting agent and 0.5-1.5% by weight of ultraviolet protection agent is optional. c) preparing the component B: 1d. fractioning the component 2,4 toluene isocyanate or 2,6 toluene diisocyanate; 2d. packing in a package in stoichiometric proportion of: 3 component A:1 component B; 3d. in step 2d, further add an excess of wax of at most 25% by weight of component B.
 15. A bi-component formulation according to claim 11, characterized in that it is a paint.
 16. A bi-component formulation, characterized by comprising in % by weight: 15 to 25% of solvent; 0.3 to 0.6% of antifoaming or de-aerating agent; 0.3 to 0.6% of wetting agent; 35 to 45% of film forming agent; 1 to 3% of a first surface activity additive; 2 to 4% of a second surface activity additive; 2 to 4% of an anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae-formation inhibiting agent; 1 to 3% of an agent that enables self-cleaning; 20 to 30% of a curing agent.
 17. A bi-component formulation according to claim 16, characterized in that said formulation may optionally comprise: 5 to 10% of a frosting agent; and/or 0.5 to 1.5% of an ultraviolet protection agent.
 18. A bi-component formulation according to claim 16, characterized in that: the solvents are selected from: esters, compounds having a ketone group, aromatic hydrocarbons and acetates; the antifoaming or de-aerating agent is selected from: vinyl polymer, mineral oil and silicone; the film forming agent is selected from polyester derived from PET and/or 2,4 toluene diisocyanate or 2,6 toluene diisocyanate; the surface activity additives are selected from: hydroxyl alkyl polydimethylsyloxane resin; functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane; modified polyether and fluorinated PTFE polymer; the agent that enables self-cleaning is the fluorochemical (PTFE);—the anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae-formation inhibiting agent is a mixture of plant extracts, isothiazoline, mineral oils, cationic surfactants and glycol, commercially known as MX 500®; the frosting agent is selected from silicium dioxide and polyethylene waxes; the ultraviolet protection agent is 2(2-hydroxy-3,5-bis (1,1-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl)benzotriazole; the wetting agent is selected from multifunctional silicone, mineral oil or sodium polyacrylate; the curing agent (component B) is selected from: 2,4 toluene isocyanate or 2,6 toluene diisocyanate.
 19. A process for manufacturing a bi-component formulation as defined in claim 16, characterized by comprising the following steps: a) preparing component A: 1c. in a tank provided with a disperser, under stirring of 425 rpm, add 15-25% by weight of a mixture of solvents, which is obtained through the following mixture: 40% hydrocarbon:20% acetate:30% ester:10% compounds having a ketone group; 2c. add 0.3-0.6% by weight anti-foaming or de-aerating agent and 0.3-0.6% by weight of wetting agent; 3c. further under stirring of 425 rpm until complete homogenization is achieved; 4c. slowly add 35-45% of polyester derived from PET (polyethylene therephthalate); 5c. add the following surface-activity additives: 1-3% of hydroxyl alkyl polydimetylsyloxane resin, which may be wholly or partly substituted with functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether; 2-4% fluorinated polymer from PTFE, 1-3% fluorochemical (PTFE) and 2-4% of anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae-formation inhibiting agent; 6c. mixing until complete homogenization is achieved; 7c. the addition of 5-10% of frosting agent and 0.5-1.5% by weight of ultraviolet protection agent is optional; 8c. pass the varnish from step 6c or 7c, as the case may be, through a 120 μm filter for retention of possible impurities absorbed in the process; 9c. the thus obtained varnish is then packed in a suitable container for commercialization; b) preparing component B 1d. fractionating component 2.4 toluene isocyanate or 2.6 toluene diisocyanate; 2d. adding in package in stoichiometric proportion: 3d. in step 2d, further adding an excess of, at most, 25% by weight of the component B.
 20. A bi-component formulation according to claim 16, characterized in that it is a varnish.
 21. A bi-component formulation, characterized by comprising in % by weight: 10 to 20% of a dissolution agent; 0.1 to 0.8% of a rheological additive; 0.4 to 0.8% of a dispersing agent; 0.3 to 0.6% of an antifoaming or de-aerating agent; 1 to 2% of surfactant; 6 to 12% of mineral filler; 25 to 40% of a first film forming agent; 8 to 15% of a second film forming agent; 8 to 15% of pigment paste; 2 to 4% of a surface activity additive; 1 to 3% of an agent that enables self-cleaning; 2 to 4% of an anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae-formation inhibiting agent; 12 to 20% of a curing agent.
 22. A bi-component formulation according to claim 21, characterized in that: the dissolution agent is deionized water; the rheological additive is selected from a modified clay; the dispersing agent is selected from sodium polyacrylate and polyacrylic acid sodium salt; the antifoaming or de-aerating agent is vinyl polymer; the surfactant is glycol acetylene; the mineral fillers are selected from: calcium carbonate and/or magnesium carbonate, silicates and talc; the film forming agent is a dispersion of aliphatic urethane resin and an emulsion of acrylic resin; the pigments are selected from: mineral, metallic and organic pigments; the surface activity additives are a hydroxyalkylpolydimethylsyloxane resin which may be whole or partly substituted with functional acrylic polydimethylsyloxane or modified polyether; the agent that enables self-cleaning is the fluorochemical (PTFE); the anti-incrustation, antifungal and moss/slime/algae-formation inhibiting agent is a mixture of plant extracts, isothiazoline, mineral oils, cationic surfactants and glycol, commercially known as MX 500®; the curing agent (component B) is 2,4 toluene isocyanate or 2,6 toulene diisocyanate being both hydrophilic or not.
 23. A process for manufacturing a bi-component formulation as defined in claim 21, characterized by comprising the following steps: a) preparing the pigment paste: 1.1c. in a tank provided with a disperser, add sequentially, under stirring of 1700 rpm; 40 to 60% of pigment, 25 to 35% of deionized water; 2 to 4% of dispersants; 0.4 to 1% of an antifoaming or de-aerating agent; 3 to 6% of a grinding carrier, such as emollient wetting agents; and 15-25% of a grinding carrier, such as carboxylated resin; and keep this mixture under stirring for another 30 minutes; 1.2c. pass the mixture obtained in the preceding step through a ball mill until fineness of at least 29.16 μm (7 hegmans) is achieved; b) preparing component A: 1e. in a tank provided with a disperser, under stirring of 1700 rpm, add 10 to 20% by weight of deionized water and then add 0.1 to 0.8% by weight of rheological additive and keep the stirring for 25 minutes; 2e. still under stirring of 1700 rpm, add 0.4-0.8% by weight of a dispersing agent, 0.3-0.6% by weigh of an antifoaming agent and 1-2% surfactant; 3e. add 6-12% by weight of a mixture of mineral fillers, which is obtained through the ratio: 40% calcium (or magnesium) carbonate:15% talc:35% silicate) and keep the stirring for another 20 minutes; 4e. add 25-50% by weight of the dispersion of an aliphatic urethane polymer, i.e., 50% water:50% polymer, containing one or more OH groups and than add 8-15% by weight of the acrylic resin in emulsion, i.e., 50% water:50% of the resin; and keep stirring for another 10 minutes; 5e. reduce the stirring to ¼ of rpm and add 2-4% by weight of hydroxyl alkyl prolydimethylsyoxane modified resin; 1-3% by weight of fluorochemical 15 (PTFE) and 2-4% by weight of anti-incrustation agent; 6e. add 8-15% by weight of pigment paste; c) preparing component B: 1f. fractionating the polyisocyanate hydrophilic component containing NCO groups; 2f. packing in a suitable package in stoichiometric proportion of: 4 component A: 1 component B.
 24. A bi-component formulation according to claim 21, characterized in that it is a water-emulsified base.
 25. A paint characterized by comprising a mono-component formulation as defined in claim 1, wherein the mono-component formulation is in the form of a paint.
 26. A varnish characterized by comprising a mono-component formulation as defined in claim 6, wherein the mono-component formulation is in the form of a varnish.
 27. A paint characterized by comprising a bi-component formulation as defined in claim 11, wherein the bi-component formulation is in the form of a paint.
 28. A varnish characterized by comprising a bi-component formulation as defined in claim 16, wherein the bi-component formulation is in the form of a varnish.
 29. A water-emulsified base, characterized by comprising a bi-component formulation as defined in claim 21, wherein the bi-component formulation is in the form of a base.
 30. Application of a mono-component formulation as defined in claim 1, characterized by being in the form of a paint, in: means of transport such as: trains, subways, vehicles in general such as motorcycles, cars, buses, bicycles, plains, crafts and/or water-borne means of transport selected—such as, boats, ships, catamarans, bulk carriers, ferry boats, cargo ships, floats, dredges, barges, tankers, rafts, sea platform suppliers, motor-boats, towboats, pushing boats, container carriers, derrick boats/cranes, submarines; constructions such as: frontages, walls, stations, buildings, shopping centers, school buildings, hospitals, monuments and historic heritage, chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories, chemical, petrochemical and mining industries, commercial and industrial kitchens and places where there is a need for asepsis and protection against graffiti, weather action and chemical aggression; objects such as: refrigerating chamber, containers, public toilets, industrial floors, household utensils, metallic and wooden furniture, public telephone booths.
 31. Application of a mono-component formulation as defined in claim 6, characterized by being in the form of a varnish, in: means of transport such as trains, subways, vehicles in general, such as motorcycles, cars, buses, bicycles, plains, crafts and/or water-borne means of transport selected—but not limited to, boats, ships, catamarans, bulk carriers, ferry boats, cargo ships, floats, dredges, barges, tankers, rafts, sea platform suppliers, motor-boats, towboats, pushing boats, container carriers, derrick boats/cranes, submarines; constructions such as frontages, walls, stations, buildings, shopping centers, school buildings, hospitals, monuments and historic heritage, chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories, chemical, petrochemical and mining industries, commercial and industrial kitchens and places where there is a need for asepsis and protection against graffiti, weather action and chemical aggression; objects such as refrigerating chamber, containers, public toilets, industrial floors, household utensils, metallic and wooden furniture, public telephone booths.
 32. Application of a bi-component formulation as defined in claim 11, characterized by being in the form of a paint in: means of transport such as trains, subways, vehicles in general, such as motorcycles, cars, buses, bicycles, plains, crafts and/or water-borne means of transport selected—such as boats, ships, catamarans, bulk carriers, ferry boats, cargo ships, floats, dredges, barges, tankers, rafts, sea platform suppliers, motor-boats, towboats, pushing boats, container carriers, derrick boats/cranes, submarines; constructions such as frontages, walls, stations, buildings, shopping centers, school buildings, hospitals, monuments and historic heritage, chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories, chemical, petrochemical and mining industries, commercial and industrial kitchens and places where there is a need for asepsis and protection against graffiti, weather action and chemical aggression; objects such as refrigerating chamber, containers, public toilets, industrial floors, household utensils, metallic and wooden furniture, public telephone booths.
 33. Application of a bi-component formulation as defined in claim 16, characterized by being in the form of a varnish in: means of transport such as trains, subways, vehicles in general, such as motorcycles, cars, buses, bicycles, plains, crafts and/or water-borne means of transport selected—such as, boats, ships, catamarans, bulk carriers, ferry boats, cargo ships, floats, dredges, barges, tankers, rafts, sea platform suppliers, motor-boats, towboats, pushing boats, container carriers, derrick boats/cranes, submarines; constructions such as frontages, walls, stations, buildings, shopping centers, school buildings, hospitals, monuments and historic heritage, chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories, chemical, petrochemical and mining industries, commercial and industrial kitchens and places where there is a need for asepsis and protection against graffiti, weather action and chemical aggression; objects such as refrigerating chamber, containers, public toilets, industrial floors, household utensils, metallic and wooden furniture, public telephone booths.
 34. Application of a bi-component formulation as defined in claim 21, characterized in that it is in the form of a water-emulsified base in: means of transport such as trains, subways, vehicles in general, such as motorcycles, cars, buses, bicycles, plains, crafts and/or water-borne means of transport selected—such as, boats, ships, catamarans, bulk carriers, ferry boats, cargo ships, floats, dredges, barges, tankers, rafts, sea platform suppliers, motor-boats, towboats, pushing boats, container carriers, derrick boats/cranes, submarines; constructions such as frontages, walls, stations, buildings, shopping centers, school buildings, hospitals, monuments and historic heritage, chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories, chemical, petrochemical and mining industries, commercial and industrial kitchens and places where there is a need for asepsis and protection against graffiti, weather action and chemical aggression; objects such as refrigerating chamber, containers, public toilets, industrial floors, household utensils, metallic and wooden furniture, public telephone booths.
 35. Application of a paint or varnish as defined in claim 25, characterized by being in: means of transport such as trains, subways, vehicles in general, such as motorcycles, cars, buses, bicycles, plains, crafts and/or water-borne means of transport selected—such as, boats, ships, catamarans, bulk carriers, ferry boats, cargo ships, floats, dredges, barges, tankers, rafts, sea platform suppliers, motor-boats, towboats, pushing boats, container carriers, derrick boats/cranes, submarines; constructions such as frontages, walls, stations, buildings, shopping centers, school buildings, hospitals, monuments and historic heritage, chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories, chemical, petrochemical and mining industries, commercial and industrial kitchens and places where there is a need for asepsis and protection against graffiti, weather action and chemical aggression; objects such as refrigerating chamber, containers, public toilets, industrial floors, household utensils, metallic and wooden furniture, public telephone booths.
 36. Application of a pain, varnish or water-emulsified base as defined in claim 27, characterized by being: means of transport such as trains, subways, vehicles in general, such as motorcycles, cars, buses, bicycles, plains, crafts and/or water-borne means of transport selected—such as, boats, ships, catamarans, bulk carriers, ferry boats, cargo ships, floats, dredges, barges, tankers, rafts, sea platform suppliers, motor-boats, towboats, pushing boats, container carriers, derrick boats/cranes, submarines; constructions such as frontages, walls, stations, buildings, shopping centers, school buildings, hospitals, monuments and historic heritage, chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories, chemical, petrochemical and mining industries, commercial and industrial kitchens and places where there is a need for asepsis and protection against graffiti, weather action and chemical aggression; objects such as refrigerating chamber, containers, public toilets, industrial floors, household utensils, metallic and wooden furniture, public telephone booths. 